T = 0: No documented human toxicity. Acute oral LD₅₀ > 2,500 mg/kg in Sprague-Dawley rats for FraxiPure™ seed extract (Flanagan et al. 2013, Food Chem Toxicol 53:10-17). Documented safe consumption in 90-day RCT (1,000 mg/day, 50 healthy volunteers, no significant biochemical/hematological changes). Traditional food and ethnopharmacological use of seeds, bark, and leaves (hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory) without recorded clinical intoxications. Not listed in Bruneton (2009) or Frohne & Pfänder (2005) as a toxic species. Pharmacological activity (secoiridoids, coumarins like fraxetin/isofraxidin) does not constitute toxicity per methodology.
Pop Alert Level: High (10–50M), inferential estimate. Basis: clinical sensitization studies (Hemmer et al. 2000 — 17.6% of pollen-sensitized Austrian patients; Heinzerling et al. 2009, GA²LEN — ~10% in Germany) combined with documented Fra e 1 / Ole e 1 cross-reactivity (88% sequence identity). A direct EU-wide population epidemiological estimate for Fraxinus excelsior alone is not available; the "High (10–50M)" tier is assigned as a conservative inferential estimate, not as a directly measured value. If a primary EU-wide epidemiological source becomes available, this tier should be re-evaluated.
THR = FALSE: Luxembourg Red List status = LC (Ferrantia 93, 2025; Red_List.xlsx); therefore THR is not triggered under the Luxembourg Red List implementation used in this catalogue. Methodology reconciliation note: the original v8.5 THR definition referenced IUCN CR/EN/VU, while the current operational rule anchors THR on the Luxembourg/national Red List. The global decline of F. excelsior due to Hymenoscyphus fraxineus (ash dieback) and the corresponding global IUCN concern are recorded here as an ecological note, not as a THR trigger for the Luxembourg hazard table.
A = 0: No documented veterinary toxicity. Long-standing European tradition of using ash leaves as livestock fodder ("leaf hay" / pollarding). No reports in toxicological veterinary references.
I = 0: Native species in Luxembourg (Ferrantia 93, 2025 — status N). Native to most of Europe, western Asia, NW Africa. Cannot be classified as invasive in its native range.