T = 3. Based on documented species-specific clinical cases with symptoms >24h, not on mild oral toxicity alone (NSW WeedWise reports ingestion as only mildly toxic: headache/nausea in large quantities). Bennett et al. (2013) document severe contact dermatitis after sap exposure — non-blanching black lesions on both forearms, blistering and exfoliation requiring plastic surgery referral, residual erythema persisting 3 weeks. Bisognano, McGrody & Spence (2005) report a case of myocarditis following intensive contact with A. altissima sap (fever/chills for 3 days, chest pain, dyspnoea, hypotension, laboratory-confirmed myocardial injury). Both cases satisfy the T=3 threshold (mandatory medical attention, symptoms >24h). T=4 not reached: no EU case series of hospitalisation >48h, no permanent sequelae, no documented deaths. Sources: Bennett, J.D. et al., J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2013;66(1):e19-20 (PMID:23273642); Bisognano JD, McGrody KS, Spence AM. Myocarditis from the Chinese Sumac Tree. Ann Intern Med. 2005;143(2):159-160 (PMID:16027471); Bruneton 2009; Frohne & Pfänder 2005
A = 1. Bourke, C.A. (1996) report absence of toxicity in goats — the most specific EU-relevant veterinary source available. No independent European veterinary literature documents moderate or severe poisoning in livestock. A=1 (instinctive avoidance) is the maximum defensible value; A=2 requires documented moderate clinical signs, which are absent. Source: Bourke, C.A., Aust Vet J 1996;74(6):465 (PMID:9006867)
I = 5; BAN = true; ECO flag. Listed on EU Union List (Commission Implementing Regulation 2019/1262). Luxembourg national Action Plan confirms established invasive in expansion phase. Biological profile: ~325,000 samaras/tree, aggressive clonal resprouting, strong allelopathic suppression via ailanthone, documented reduction in species richness on invaded plots. Both I=5 criteria satisfied: EU listing + ecological collapse-level impact. Sources: EUR-Lex 32019R1262; PA-EEE-Ailanthus-altissima, environnement.public.lu
ALL — not assigned. IgE sensitisation documented only in pre-selected atopic cohorts (42%, Leipzig; Prenzel et al. 2022) and general laboratory sera (0.49%, Vienna; Werchan et al. 2023). Authors explicitly state no population-based sensitisation studies exist. The ≥1M European sensitised population threshold required by ALL methodology cannot be derived from available evidence. Sources: Prenzel et al., JAA 2022 (PMC9443999); Werchan et al., Allergo J Int 2023
CLN — not assigned. Bennett et al. (2012) note only two prior contact dermatitis cases in world literature (total n=3). No criterion met: <50 EU cases/year (A); no documented deaths (B); <5 hospitalisations >48h (C); no paediatric series (D); Luxembourg local threshold not reached (E).
CMM DERM CONTACT. Primary case: tree surgeon, sap exposure to bark, multiple blackening non-blanching lesions on both forearms, blistering, exfoliation, plastic surgery referral, resolution at 3 weeks with emollient/topical steroid. No UV-mediated mechanism described. Mode = CONTACT confirmed. Source: Bennett et al., BJPS 2012 (PMID:23273642)